Michael Gilburd on Business Valuations


Goodwill as Measured by Customers

Goodwill is the value of a business entity not directly attributable to its assets and liabilities, i.e., a general term for all the intangibles that go into making a realistic valuation. Simply stated, Goodwill is the difference between the quantitative financial elements of a valuation and the soft, qualitative, image elements that are part and parcel of every company or brand.

Goodwill as Measured in Financial Statements

Goodwill in financial statements is an intangible asset that arises when a buyer acquires an existing business. Goodwill represents assets that are not separately identifiable.

Goodwill does not include:

• Identifiable assets that are capable of being separated or divided from the entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, either individually or together with a related contract, identifiable asset, or liability regardless of whether the entity intends to do so.
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Michael Gilburd on Business Valuations

Intellectual Property Appraisals are essential for valuing:

● Marketing-related Intangibles o Trademarks & Trade names
o Brand names & Logos

● Goodwill-related Intangibles o General Business Going Concern Value
o Professional Practice Goodwill
o Institutional Goodwill
o Personal Goodwill of a Professional
o Celebrity Goodwill
o Right of Publicity

● Technology-related Intangibles o Websites and Web Properties
o Social Media and SEO
o Process Patents & Patent Applications
o Technical Documentation
(Laboratory Notebooks, Technical Know-how, etc.)
o Trade Secrets

● Computer-related Intangibles o Proprietary Computer Software
o Software Copyrights
o Automated Databases
o Integrated Circuit Masks and Masters

● Engineering-related Intangibles o Industrial Design
o Product Patents
o Trade Secrets
o Engineering Drawings and Schematics
o Blueprints
o Proprietary Documentation
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Michael Gilburd on Business Valuations

Buy-Sell Agreements: establish a Plan and a Business Value between the Business Owners of a business that details what is to occur upon the death of one of the Business Owners. (Can also deal with the situation where one of the Business Owners becomes disabled, goes bankrupt, retires, divorces, or wishes to sell their interest in the business.)

When is a buy-sell needed or useful?

• A buy-sell agreement is a necessity if a business (including a professional practice) is owned by more than one person.
• Also works between a single Business Owner and key employees.
• A properly drawn, valued and funded buy-sell agreement can prevent a disaster, such as a forced sale or years in court.

What to expect:

Overall, the buy-sell agreement gives everyone comfort and security that they will receive maximum benefit from the business that they worked a lifetime to establish. Other specific benefits are that it:

 Provides that the surviving Business Owner will purchase the deceased or withdrawing Business Owner’s share of the operation.
 Provides funds to hire a replacement for the deceased employee.
 Provides funds to the widow or widower to replace the salary of the deceased.
 Provides assurance to the surviving Business Owners that the business will continue in a successful manner, while providing the deceased Business Owner’s heirs with funds that will
enable them to meet their needs and pay estate tax and administration costs.
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The Business Valuation presents valuable information in the manner and style expected by sophisticated institutional investors and their advisors, and is often used as an exhibit to a Business Plan or Private Placement Memorandum for:

What To Expect In A Comprehensive Business Valuation Report

Business Valuation

Contents

Transmittal Letter A
Valuation Summary B
Summary Description of the Company
Asset-Based Approach C
Balance Sheets Analyzed and Adjusted
Net Asset Book Value
Net Realizable Equity
Excess Earnings
Income Approach D
Income Statements Analyzed and Recasted
Historic Cash Flows
Discounted Future Cash Flow
Capitalization of Cash Flow
Market Approach E
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Michael Gilburd -Business Valuation, Growing Value And Liquidity Realization (Part III Of Book Series)

Why Business Valuations Are Growing In Popularity

Some business owners mistakenly think there is one Rule of Thumb to value their business. This is never true! For example, if you are a service business, someone may tell you the business is worth one years’ gross – but don’t for one moment think a business with three customers has the same value as one with 30, or even 300 customers. Is a radio station in a major market worth the same multiple of cash flow as one in a small town? Probably not. Are two dental practices in the same city, one with a famous, well-known leader worth the same multiple as a lesser known practice? Probably not.

Very few business owners know how much to expect from a business sale, how much to pay for an opportunity ahead, how to price a capital raise, or how to protect assets by knowing their value, even in these uncertain times.

Why do so many business buyers overpay? Because they don’t have an impartial professional telling them not to overpay! Why do so many business sellers have trouble selling their businesses? Because their advisors tell them to ask for too much! Why do some divorces ruin the business owning partner? And why high death taxes leave the heirs with so little of the estate? All for the same reason – unqualified individuals guessing at true values.
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Michael Gilburd -Business Valuation, Growing Value and Liquidity Realization - Part 2

Discounts and Premiums
Based on research that will be discussed in the Appraisal Report, the determination of value shall be subject to certain discounts and premiums. Once a valuation amount is determined, a Business Appraiser considers premiums and discounts. Issues of majority and minority interest deal with the relationship between the interest being valued and the total enterprise. The primary factor bearing on the value of the minority interest in relation to the value of the total entity is how much control the minority interest has over that entity. The concept of marketability deals with the liquidity of the interest, that is, how quickly and certainly it can be converted to cash at the owner’s discretion. Also, combined premiums or discounts are multiplicative and not additive.

The Process
To obtain a professionally prepared business valuation, there is a process that usually includes the following:
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Michael Gilburd - Book on Business Valuation, Growing Value And Liquidity Realization

TaxConnections has recently received permission to post a series of articles from the book Business Valuation, Growing Value And Liquidity Realization written by Michael Gilburd. Over the past several decades, Michael has prepared valuations and assisted in debt and equity placements from tens of thousands to millions and hundreds of millions of dollars while working for major financial companies.

Introduction – Business Valuation, Growing Value And Liquidity Realization

Business Owners and Business Buyers: What’s the Right Value?

Most business owners have very little confidence in their own abilities to set market values for their most important assets. According to the International Business Brokers Association, most business owners simply don’t know where to turn for reliable advice in a buy or sell situation. Some turn to lawyers or accountants, others turn to stockbrokers or even friends, but the truth is that without formal training and industry standard modeling techniques, none of these professionals is qualified to set valuations on businesses of any kind. The key to protecting your assets and interests at any bargaining table is to know that your position is supported by leading edge methodologies executed with seasoned valuation expertise.
What is your business worth?
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Ron Oddo

Today, all owners face three significant headwinds that increase the difficulty of a successful business exit. One is our flat economy—today and for the foreseeable future. The second is the substantially higher tax bill that’s due upon the sale of a business. And last, but not least, is the long-term mediocre investment climate that depresses the amount of income owners can expect from their sale proceeds and other investments. Combined, these three headwinds wreak havoc on an owner’s ability to cross the finish line at all, let alone as they originally planned.

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