Exemptions include
Your lack of insurance coverage was for three months or less.
You aren’t required to file a tax return because your income is too low.
You are incarcerated.
You are in the U.S. illegally.
You are part of a Native American tribe.
The least expensive health insurance available to you costs more than 8.13% of your 2016 income in premiums.
You are a member of a health care sharing ministry.
Your religion objects to insurance.
Hardship exemptions include :

You faced eviction or foreclosure in the past six months.
You filed for bankruptcy in the past six months.
You were homeless.
A utility company sent you a shut-off notice.
A flood, fire or other disaster caused significant property damage to your home.
You are a recent victim of domestic violence.
You were ineligible for Medicaid because your state didn’t expand Medicaid.
Your health insurance was canceled for reasons other than nonpayment of premiums, and the plans offered in the marketplace are unaffordable.
You had significant and unexpected increases in expenses while caring for an ill, disabled or elderly family member.
A close family member recently died.
Following an appeals decision, you are now eligible for lower-cost health insurance coverage, but went without it while appealing.
Another person is required to provide medical support to your child, making you not responsible for the child’s penalty.
You encountered “other hardships” in trying to get health coverage, determined case by case.