Lincoln--Teddy Roosevelt--Wilson How the Income Tax Transformed America A major work of history, The Great Tax Wars is the gripping, epic story of six decades of often violent conflict over wealth, power, and fairness that gave America the income tax. It's the story of a tumultuous period of radical change, from Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War through the progressive era under Theodore Roosevelt and ending with Woodrow Wilson and World War I. During these years of upheaval, America was..

In Central America, dynamic economic Actors have inserted themselves into global markets. Elites atop these sectors attempt to advance a state-building project that will allow them to expand their activities and access Political power, but they differ in their internal cohesion and their dominance with respect to other groups, especially previously constituted elites and popular sectors. Differences in resulting state-building patterns are expressed in the capacity to mobilize revenues from the..

If you're in business for yourself, don't sell yourself short. Reap all the tax-saving benefits you deserve with this clear, concise, step-by-step guide that shows you exactly how to take advantage of every tax deduction allowable by law. Inside, you'll find all the facts the IRS doesn't want you to know, and glean all the advice you need to: * Convert everyday living expenses into business deductions * Audit-proof your tax return -- how to keep records that will satisfy the IRS * Choose the..

A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is not a separate tax entity like a corporation; instead, it is what the IRS calls a “pass-through entity,” like a partnership or sole proprietorship. All of the profits and losses of the LLC “pass through” the business to the LLC owners (called members), who report this information on their personal tax returns. The LLC itself does not pay federal income taxes, but some states do charge the LLC itself a tax.

Research and Development t Financial and economic crisis, many OECD Countries Face the challenge of restoring public Finances while still supporting growth. This Book investigates how Tax structures can be designed to support growth of GDP per capita. The analysis suggests a tax and economic growth ranking order that positions Corporate taxes as the most harmful to economic growth, followed by personal Income taxes, then Consumption taxes, with recurrent taxes on immovable Property being the..

Tax Tips and Tax Shelters for Canadians provides individuals and business owners with effective tax-planning strategies designed to reduce taxable income, generate tax deductions, increase tax refunds, increase potential investment returns, defer tax, increase wealth, and minimize probate and estate taxes. When implemented properly the strategies discussed in this book are legitimate tax-planning strategies recognized by many financial planners, financial experts, chartered accountants,..

The Genealogist's Guide to Researching Tax Records - Carol Cook Darrow, CG and Susan Winchester, Ph. D., CPA. The Census taker came every ten years and often missed people. The tax collector came every year and seldom missed anyone. The Genealogist's Guide to Researching Tax Records will give you the techniques to locate, read, and understand the valuable information in these Annual records. Researching tax records, which date from the 1620s to the present day, can help you establish the..

In the natural order, virtue and vice each carries its own consequences. On the one hand, virtue yields largely positive results. Hard work, patience, and carefulness, for example, tend to generate prosperity. Vice, on the other hand, brings negative consequences. Sloth, impatience, and recklessness, for example, tend toward suffering. In Slaying Leviathan, Leslie Carbone argues that since the early twentieth century, U.S. tax policy has been designed to mitigate the natural economic results..

The cost of capital concept has myriad applications in business decision-making. The standard methodology for deriving cost of capital estimates is based on the seminal Modigliani-Miller analyses. This book generalizes this framework to include non-debt tax shields (e.g., depreciation), interactions between the borrowing rate and tax shields, and default considerations. It develops several new results and shows how better cost of capital and marginal tax rate estimates can be generated. The..

The Tax Law of Charitable Giving, Fourth Edition is completely revised, revamped, and updated. Written in plain English, it can help lawyers, managers, and development directors in tax-exempt organizations make sure they are up to date on all current regulations pertaining to charitable gifts. Detailed documentations and citations are provided. As well, references to regulations, rulings, cases, and tax literature are included. Nonprofit lawyers, accountants, and fundraising professionals can..