If the IRS asked to examine your business’ Federal Tax returns, would you survive the audit? For Jade Phuong who operates a nail salon, it was a nightmare that came very close to ending her business.

Before the IRS turned her world upside down, Jade already had beaten the odds as a small-business owner. Her nail salon had been operating more than eight years, a considerable accomplishment considering that most small businesses fail in less than three years. Living at home with her mother, Jade saved enough money to open her nail salon fresh out of nail school at age 25.

Despite a rocky start, Jade was able to build up her business and after a couple of years was able to enjoy a good living from her nail salon. In fact things were going so well that when a space almost twice the size of her current location opened just two doors down, she decided to move to the bigger space and expand into the tanning business by installing six tanning beds in the new space. Jade was feeling good, everything was going great. She bought her first house and moved into it. Jade finally attained the American dream.

Then two weeks later she got the letter from the IRS.

The Longest Year

The letter from the Internal Revenue Service was innocuous enough – mixed in with the salon’s mail, it looked just like any other piece of business correspondence.

When Jade realized that it was indeed from the IRS, she felt a twinge of concern, but not panic. As a business, Jade would periodically get notifications and letters from the IRS or the State but this letter was different. Jade opened the letter and read the words, “Your Federal tax returns for the selected tax years have been assigned to me for examination.” The vague sense of unease Jade originally felt was now panic in full bloom.

Jade immediately got on the telephone with her accountant and told him of the letter she received. She even faxed him a copy so he could see it for himself. Sure enough Jade’s last three years of business income tax returns were selected for examination.

Her accountant said don’t worry as he felt confident that this was just a random audit and that Jade’s recordkeeping and reporting to the IRS was done by the book. So the accountant told Jade to contact the IRS agent and arrange for him to come to the business and meet her and look at the business’ books and records.

And so Jade contacted the IRS agent and scheduled a meeting at the salon.

The IRS agent came to the salon and he was business-like, but very pleasant – the agent seemed like someone you could talk to. Apparently the IRS agent very much wanted Jade to think this audit wasn’t a big deal so Jade would open up to the agent.

The meeting lasted two and a half hours and the agent asked a lot of questions: When did we open? How are we set up? Who set up the business organization? Do we write off our car? What kinds of benefits do we give workers? Where do we buy our boutique items?

After leaving the salon that day, the IRS agent went to the office of Jade’s accountant, where the agent spent six hours reviewing the business’ corporate records, check registers, bank deposit slips, car mileage logs, and other papers. The agent returned to the accountant’s office for three additional days.

The examination of Jade’s records was exhaustive and comprehensive but the accountant was confident that the agent would be able to agree with just about everything as reported on the tax returns. The accountant even told this to Jade and further added that he would be very surprised if the proposed liability was more than $1,000.

“You’re Joking … Right?”

And a few weeks thereafter, the IRS agent issued a letter. What the agent concluded in that letter about Jade’s business was a shocker. Jade had been classifying her workers as independent contractors. The IRS agent felt they should be classified as employees and under this classification Jade would now owe the IRS $85,000.

Jade was confident that her setup was legal and legitimate because before she even opened the nail salon’s doors, she had consulted and paid a CPA to help her write the business plan and set up the business, including how to classify her workers. The CPA set up Jade’s nail technicians as independent contractors. The CPA said he represented a lot of beauty salons, and he said that’s how all the salons were classifying their workers.

But the IRS agent did not agree.

In a nutshell, the IRS agent based his determination on five factors:

1. Realization of Profit or Loss… There was no element of risk for the nail technicians because they did not bear any of the financial burdens of the nail salon, such as rent, utilities, and insurance.

2. Significant Investment… None of the nail technicians had any significant financial investment in the shop. All the investment was by Jade.

3. Integration… The services of the nail technicians were fully integrated into the business operations – meaning that without the services of the nail technicians, Jade could not have continued business operations as a successful nail salon.

4. Payment by Hour, Week, and Month… Upon completion of each customer serviced, the nail technicians then turned over the total received to the Jade. The nail technicians could not retain these payments from customers.

5. Set Hours of Work… The business did not require the nail technicians to work set hours, but Jade allocated the hours the nail technicians would be available.

Well this was not acceptable to Jade so she hired a tax attorney to appeal this determination and fight the IRS.

Despite the IRS agent’s assertion that the workers should be treated as employees, Jade had some good facts favorable to her entitling her to treat the workers as independent contractors.

For one thing, a few years earlier she received a form letter from the State requesting that she complete a questionnaire about her workers and return it to the State. She completed the questionnaire and soon after received a letter from the State confirming that her workers were independent contractors.
In the questionnaire Jade noted that the nail technicians set their own hours. They didn’t get any benefits from the business. Everyone paid their own taxes and they knew they were responsible to pay for their own taxes.

Despite building a case to support classification of the workers as independent contractors, the position of the Appeals Officer at the IRS Office Of Appeals was that Jade still maintained enough control over the workers that they should be treated as employees.

Now this determination could be appealed to the U.S. Tax Court but to fight the IRS in court meant as much as $25,000 in legal fees, plus the $85,000 for the three years if Jade lost. But there was another option for Jade.

If Jade were to agree to convert her workers to employees and now start taking out taxes, provide worker’s compensation and liability insurances, and pay the employer’s share of their future earnings in Social Security taxes, and supply them completely, the IRS would substantially lower the liability for the prior years. In Jade’s case the liability would now drop below $20,000.

Jade said at this point I have got to go with this option. So she made the changeover and paid the $20,000 to IRS. Turns out only two nail technicians left due to the changeover in worker status.

Older and Wiser

Things are looking good again to Jade who says the nail business is stronger than it’s ever been. She has increased her business, which has increased her income. She also recently upgraded her tanning salon with all new stand-up beds. Just like when she first opened, it’s the tanning beds that are pulling the salon through in the slow times.

She also has eliminated some things, like entertainment expenses and she started buying product in bulk to cut down costs. After the switch in worker status to employees, Jade raised service prices by about 5% to help cover the now higher costs of doing business. To her surprise, it didn’t hurt business at all. It was Jade’s first price increase in nine years anyway, so it was time. Jade does not know of one client who left as a result of these changes.

Jade’s story serves as a good lesson to anyone operating a business or looking to start a business which is that you need to know the rules and follow them. Don’t think that you are immune from the IRS questioning your business.

Starting in 2015, businesses with at least 50 full-time employees must offer affordable health insurance to all employees or substantial penalties will be imposed. If independent contractors are converted to employee status, this may result in a company having more than 50 full-time employees. Also, the IRS is starting a project to conduct 6,000 random audits over a period of three years with worker classification/misclassification as a key focus. The IRS anticipates that when the project is completed, it will pursue employment tax referrals from state agencies that deal with the classification of workers for both workman’s compensation and unemployment purposes.

Don’t Take The Chance And Lose Everything You Have Worked For

Protect yourself. If you are selected for an audit, stand up to the IRS by getting representation. Tax problems are usually a serious matter and must be handled appropriately so it’s important to that you’ve hired the best lawyer for your particular situation. Connect with me on TaxConnections.

Original Post By:  Jeffrey Kahn