Because of the specific US/NL tax treaty residency clause (as an American) you would still qualify as a US tax resident instead of a Dutch resident. Non Americans who live in The Netherlands would be regarded to be a Dutch tax resident.

If you do not receive a “Dutch tax return filing request” from the Dutch tax authorities, you are typically not obliged to file a Dutch tax return. However, this might nevertheless be very advantageous. Filing your Dutch tax return could result in a tax refund of thousands of euros.

For some background info I refer to my BLOG. http://taxconnections.com/taxblog/dutch-tax-position-of-the-unemployed-spouse/